Intraoperative color transparencies: how to improve your results

Improvements in film speed and the availability of 55 and 105 mm. macro lenses used with appropriate lens filters have obviated the necessity for flash equipment to obtain high quality intraoperative color transparencies. We have had good results without flash, using only available operating room spotlights with a lens/film/filter combination readily available to the surgeon. We present this system and the rationale for its effectiveness.