Lung Function in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Richard J Wang1, Mehdi Nouraie2, Ken M Kunisaki3,4
1Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impairs respiratory gas exchange in women, indicated by lower diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Lower CD4 counts and hepatitis C infection worsen lung function in women with HIV.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Women's Health
Background:
- Previous research links human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to impaired lung function and chronic lung disease.
- However, many studies have not included large cohorts of women, limiting understanding of HIV's impact on female lung health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between HIV infection and lung function differences specifically in women.
- To identify factors associated with impaired lung function among women living with HIV.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of the Women's Interagency HIV Study cohort (2018-2019).
- Spirometry and single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were performed.
- Multivariable regression analyzed associations between HIV and lung function (FEV1, DLCO), adjusting for confounders.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between women with and without HIV.
- Women with HIV showed significantly lower DLCO measurements (adjusted difference: -0.73 mL/min/mm Hg).
- Among women with HIV, lower nadir CD4+ cell counts and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were linked to reduced DLCO.
Conclusions:
- HIV infection is associated with impaired respiratory gas exchange in women.
- Lower nadir CD4+ cell counts and co-infection with hepatitis C virus are associated with decreased respiratory gas exchange in women with HIV.
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