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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

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Multiple Primary Malignancies With Hypercalcemia Presentation: A Case Report.

Sushmitha Diraviam¹, Asseel Al-Bayati^2,3, Oksana Mayovska⁴

¹Internal Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, GRD.

|May 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights a patient with lung cancer who presented with hypercalcemia and was incidentally diagnosed with a second primary colon cancer, underscoring the increased risk of multiple primary malignancies.

Keywords:

colorectal cancer lung squamous cell carcinoma multiple primary cancers paraneoplastic hypercalcemia rectal adenocarcinoma

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Medical Case Reports

Background:

Multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) involve distinct, unrelated primary tumors.
Risk factors for MPMs include genetics, prior cancer treatments, and environmental exposures like smoking and obesity.
Hypercalcemia is a common paraneoplastic syndrome associated with various cancers.

Observation:

A patient presented with hypercalcemia, a known indicator of malignancy.
Diagnostic workup for hypercalcemia led to the incidental discovery of a second primary cancer.
The patient had a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Findings:

The patient was diagnosed with both squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and adenocarcinoma of the colon.
These represent two distinct, histologically different primary malignancies.
The presence of hypercalcemia prompted the investigation that revealed the colon cancer.

Implications:

Patients with one cancer have a significantly increased risk (1.29 times) of developing a second primary malignancy.
This case emphasizes the importance of thorough investigation when hypercalcemia is present in cancer patients.
Early detection of secondary primary tumors is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.