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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Researchers discovered a new charge density wave (CDW) in the Weyl semimetal CoSi. This finding reveals a novel quantum state in chiral crystals, paving the way for exploring unconventional chiral fermions.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Weyl semimetals can host charge density wave (CDW) order, potentially leading to axion insulating phases by breaking chiral symmetry.
  • Observing CDWs in Weyl semimetals is challenging, limiting investigations into this phenomenon.
  • Chiral crystals like CoSi are unique Weyl semimetals hosting unconventional chiral fermions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of a novel charge density wave (CDW) order in the chiral Weyl semimetal CoSi.
  • To characterize the properties of this CDW and its relationship with the material's chirality.
  • To explore the implications for novel correlated topological quantum states.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) was employed to investigate the (001) surface of CoSi.
  • First-principle calculations were performed to complement experimental observations.
  • Analysis focused on the CDW's symmetry, phase shift, and impact on the electronic band structure.

Main Results:

  • A novel unidirectional CDW order was discovered on the CoSi (001) surface.
  • The CDW was found to be incommensurate with lattice momentum and crystal symmetry.
  • A particle-hole asymmetric V-shaped energy gap, spatially modulated by the CDW, was observed in tunneling spectra.

Conclusions:

  • The CDW in CoSi is locked to the crystal's chirality and linked via mirror reflection between enantiomers.
  • This discovery reveals a new correlated topological quantum state in chiral CoSi.
  • The findings open avenues for studying the unique physics of unconventional chiral fermions.