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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Clinical and Biological Features of Response in Resistant Neuroblastoma to <sup>131</sup>I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Radiotherapy in the Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy Era.

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Phase I Study of <sup>131</sup>I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine With Dinutuximab ± Vorinostat for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma: A New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy Trial.

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Long-term follow-up of patients with intermediate-risk neuroblastoma treated with response- and biology-based therapy: A report from the Children's Oncology Group study ANBL0531.

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Advancing therapy for neuroblastoma.

Bo Qiu1, Katherine K Matthay2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. bo.qiu@ucsf.edu.

Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
|May 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroblastoma, a cancer of sympathetic origin, shows varied clinical behavior. Advances in treatment, including immunotherapy and targeted therapies, have significantly improved survival rates for high-risk and metastatic neuroblastoma patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Pathogenesis
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Neuroblastomas are tumors originating from the sympathetic nervous system with diverse clinical outcomes.
  • Treatment advancements have improved 5-year survival for metastatic neuroblastoma from less than 20% to over 50%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in understanding neuroblastoma pathogenesis and high-risk disease drivers.
  • To discuss how this knowledge informs risk stratification, therapy, and novel treatment development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on neuroblastoma pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of clinical trial outcomes and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Significant survival improvements achieved through high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, differentiating agents, and anti-GD2 immunotherapy.
  • Next-generation trials focus on immunotherapy, targeted therapies (e.g., ALK inhibitors), and radiopharmaceuticals for high-risk disease.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding neuroblastoma pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective risk stratification and risk-adapted therapies.
  • Ongoing research aims to enhance antitumour immune response and prolong remission in relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma.