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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Identifying positive impression management using the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-RF: A meta-analysis.

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This meta-analysis shows both MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF validity scales effectively identify positive impression management (PIM). Clinicians should interpret scores cautiously due to potential defensiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Assessment
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Individuals may manipulate responses in high-stakes evaluations to manage impressions.
  • Previous meta-analyses on MMPI-2 for detecting positive impression management (PIM) are over 20 years old.
  • This study addresses the need for updated meta-analytic data on MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF validity scales for PIM detection.

Approach:

  • A meta-analysis using Robust Variance Estimation synthesized 27 studies.
  • Examined the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF validity scales' ability to differentiate PIM from genuine responders.
  • Focused specifically on the L, K, and S validity scales.

Key Points:

  • MMPI-2 L scale showed the largest effect size (g=1.30).
  • MMPI-2-RF L-r (g=1.16), K (g=1.01), K-r (g=1.21), and S (g=1.23) scales demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes.
  • No significant differences in effect sizes were found between MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF versions.

Conclusions:

  • Both MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF validity scales are useful for identifying PIM.
  • Clinicians should interpret T-scores conservatively, acknowledging potential modest elevations due to defensiveness.
  • Findings provide context for the recently released MMPI-3.