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Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.5K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

13.3K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
13.3K
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

24.2K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
24.2K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.3K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
1.3K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

18.2K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
18.2K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

20.5K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Emerging Solid-to-Solid Phase-Change Materials for Thermal-Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Utilization.

Ali Usman1, Feng Xiong1, Waseem Aftab1

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Summary

Solid-solid phase-change materials (PCMs) overcome limitations of liquid-based PCMs for thermal energy storage (TES). This review analyzes their development, properties, and applications for advanced TES systems.

Keywords:
solid-state phase-change materialsstructure-property relationshipthermal-energy applications

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Phase-change materials (PCMs) are crucial for thermal energy storage (TES).
  • Conventional solid-liquid PCMs face challenges like volume expansion, phase segregation, and leakage.
  • Solid-solid PCMs offer advantages including solid-state processing, minimal volume change, and long cyclic life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of solid-solid PCMs for thermal energy harvesting, storage, and utilization.
  • To discuss the development strategies and structure-property relationships of solid-solid PCMs.
  • To explore potential applications and future research directions for high-performance solid-solid PCMs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on solid-solid phase-change materials.
  • Analysis of synthesis and development strategies for solid-solid PCMs.
  • Discussion of structure-property relationships and performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Solid-solid PCMs present a viable alternative to solid-liquid PCMs for TES applications.
  • Key advantages include negligible volume change, no leakage, and enhanced cyclic stability.
  • Development strategies and structure-property correlations are crucial for optimizing performance.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-solid PCMs are highly promising for advanced thermal energy storage applications.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and unlock the full potential of these materials.
  • This review serves as a guideline for developing high-performance solid-solid PCMs.