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Related Concept Videos

Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Liver Histology01:27

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
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Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

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Acute Liver Failure.

Chelsea Ledgerwood1, Vipin Villgran, Nicholas Mardirossian

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Drs Ledgerwood, Villgran, Dumont, and DiSilvio); and Department of Nursing, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Mr Mardirossian).

Critical Care Nursing Quarterly
|May 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a critical condition requiring intensive care. Prompt diagnosis and management, including N-acetylcysteine and potential liver transplant, are vital for patient survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Hepatology
  • Emergency medicine

Background:

  • Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, life-threatening condition.
  • ALF can lead to encephalopathy, increased intracranial pressure, and multiorgan failure.
  • Common causes include acetaminophen overdose and hypoxic-ischemic injury, with other etiologies also contributing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define, diagnose, and detail the management of acute liver failure in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Main Methods:

  • Close monitoring of critically ill patients.
  • Extensive diagnostic workup to identify the cause of ALF.
  • Supportive care for hemodynamic, respiratory, and renal functions.

Main Results:

  • Management involves targeted therapies based on etiology.
  • N-acetylcysteine administration is indicated in specific cases.
  • Liver transplantation is a consideration for select ALF patients.

Conclusions:

  • ALF is an ICU emergency demanding immediate and comprehensive management.
  • Multidisciplinary care is essential for optimizing outcomes in ALF patients.
  • Early recognition and intervention are critical for improving survival rates in acute liver failure.