The CD8α hinge is intrinsically disordered with a dynamic exchange that includes proline cis-trans isomerization
Xiang Chen1, Justin M Mirazee2, Katarzyna A Skorupka3
1Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise. A CD8α hinge region in CARs enhances leukemia cell killing by promoting structural plasticity, improving antigen binding and signaling.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
- Structural Biology
Background:
- Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered T cells for targeted therapy.
- CAR structure, including hinge and transmembrane regions, influences efficacy and toxicity.
- The CD8α hinge region in a CD22-targeting CAR improved leukemia cell cytotoxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the biophysical and dynamic properties of the CD8α hinge region.
- To understand how the CD8α hinge contributes to CAR T-cell function.
Main Methods:
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the CD8α hinge.
- Analysis of dynamic chemical exchange and proline cis-trans isomerization.
Main Results:
- The CD8α hinge exhibits dynamic chemical exchange between disordered and locally structured states.
- Proline residues undergo cis-trans isomerization, contributing to distinct conformational states.
- The dominant state is intrinsically disordered, while minor states show local structural motifs.
Conclusions:
- The CD8α hinge lacks long-range order but possesses transient local structures.
- Structural plasticity and cis-proline states are crucial for signal transduction in CARs.
- These properties enhance antigen-binding effects for improved T-cell therapy.
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