Prevalence of hypertension in Type-2 diabetes mellitus
Mohammad Wali Naseri1, Habib Ahmad Esmat2, Mohammad Daud Bahee1
1Department of Endocrinology, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Insights
Hypertension is highly prevalent in Afghan type-2 diabetes patients, affecting 70.5% overall and more women than men. This highlights the need for targeted preventive strategies for managing elevated blood pressure in this population.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients.
- Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus (DM).
- Elevated blood pressure (BP) management is critical for diabetics, yet HTN rates in Afghan diabetics are unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure among type-2 diabetes patients in Afghanistan.
- To identify potential differences in hypertension prevalence between male and female diabetic patients.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted.
- 321 type-2 diabetic patients (119 males, 202 females) were included.
- Data was collected from November 2019 to January 2020.
Main Results:
- Elevated blood pressure was found in 70.5% of patients.
- Hypertension was more prevalent in females (76.8%) than males (59.7%).
- Mean systolic BP was 146.94 mmHg, mean diastolic BP was 89.61 mmHg, mean BMI was 28.77 kg/m2, and mean HbA1c was 9.27%.
Conclusions:
- High prevalence of hypertension observed in Afghan type-2 diabetes patients.
- Significant difference in elevated BP rates between genders, with higher prevalence in females.
- Need for collaborative efforts to design preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors for hypertension in diabetics.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hypertension (HTN) has been confirmed as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, the detection and management of elevated blood pressure (BP) is a critical component of the comprehensive clinical management of diabetics. Since the rates of hypertension in diabetics are lacking in Afghanistan, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of elevated blood pressure in type-2 diabetic patients.
Materials And Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 321 type -2 diabetic patients (119 males, 202 females) with a mean age of 53.86 ± 11.54 years who were presented to the Noble OPD center from November 2019 to January 2020.
Results:
The elevated blood pressure was detected in 70.5% of the patients. It was more prevalent in women than men (76.8% and 59.7% respectively). The mean systolic blood pressure was 146.94 ± 23.19 mmHg and mean diastolic blood pressure was 89.61 ± 11.59 mmHg. The mean pulse pressure was 57.32 ± 15.58 mmHg and the mean arterial pressure was 48.98 ± 7.73 mmHg. The mean body weight was 73.09 ± 13.75 Kg. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 7.08 ± 5.95 years with the average HbA1c of 9.27 ± 2.41%. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the patients was noted 28.77 ± 5.58 kg/m2.
Conclusion:
This study showed high prevalence of hypertension in type-2 diabetes patients with a significant difference in the rate of elevated blood pressure between males and females (it was higher in females than males). The systolic blood pressure had a positive correlation with age. However, it was insignificant for diastolic blood pressure. Healthcare providers and other health sector should work in collaboration for designing appropriate preventive strategies targeting the modifiable risk factors associated with hypertension.
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