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The Role of Microorganisms in Appendiceal Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: A Review
Yekaterina Khamzina1, Mary Caitlin King1, Carol Nieroda1
1Department of Surgical Oncology, The Institute for Cancer Care at Mercy, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
Abstract:
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical syndrome. It originates from neoplasms of the appendix and leads to the formation of peritoneal implants and the accumulation of mucinous ascites. PMP represents a spectrum of low to high-grade disease. Despite aggressive management, many PMP patients recur, leading to debilitating symptoms and few treatment options. Therefore, scientists have continued to look for ways to improve treatment and further understand disease pathogenesis. Microorganisms were previously hypothesized to play a role in PMP progression and development. Hence, antibacterial treatment was suggested by some authors, but the data were limited. In this paper, we review the current data on the role of bacteria in PMP, discuss the significance, and suggest possible solutions to the inherent challenges in these studies. Given the limitations of the discussed studies, we remain skeptical about introducing novel antibacterial treatment into clinical practice at this time; however, the available data are valuable and indicate that more research into the molecular mechanisms of PMP is needed.
Insights
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition causing mucinous ascites. Current data on bacteria
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare appendiceal neoplasm characterized by mucinous ascites and peritoneal implants.
- PMP presents a spectrum of disease grades, often recurs despite treatment, and has limited therapeutic options.
- The potential role of microorganisms in PMP pathogenesis has been previously hypothesized, but data remain scarce.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze current data regarding the involvement of bacteria in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.
- To discuss the significance of microbial involvement in PMP progression and development.
- To identify challenges in studying the microbiome in PMP and suggest potential research solutions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating the role of bacteria in PMP.
- Critical analysis of existing data on microbial presence and its correlation with PMP characteristics.
- Discussion of methodological limitations and future research directions.
Main Results:
- The review highlights limited and often inconclusive data on the direct role of bacteria in PMP.
- Existing studies suggest a potential, yet unproven, link between microorganisms and PMP development or progression.
- Significant challenges exist in current research methodologies for studying the PMP microbiome.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence is insufficient to support the routine clinical use of antibacterial treatments for PMP.
- Further research focusing on the molecular mechanisms and specific microbial roles in PMP is warranted.
- Understanding the host-microbiome interactions in PMP could reveal novel therapeutic targets.
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