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Related Concept Videos

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Endocardial Regulation of Cardiac Development.

Lara Feulner1,2, Patrick Piet van Vliet1,3,4, Michel Puceat3,4,5

  • 1Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|May 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The endocardium, crucial for heart development, is increasingly understood through molecular signaling and stem cell models. This knowledge aids in studying congenital heart defects and advancing regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
BMPNotchendocardiumheart developmentheart disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • The endocardium, a specialized endothelium lining the heart, is vital for cardiac development.
  • While less studied than other cardiac cells, recent progress has illuminated its regulation and functions.
  • Understanding endocardial roles is key to addressing congenital heart conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on endocardial origin, development, and intercellular relationships.
  • To highlight key molecular mechanisms, including Notch and BMP signaling, and mechanical cues.
  • To discuss the potential of stem cell modeling and single-cell sequencing for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endocardial research over the past two decades.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways (Notch, BMP) and mechanical influences.
  • Exploration of stem cell modeling and single-cell sequencing applications.

Main Results:

  • Endocardial cells have defined origins and contribute to various cardiac lineages.
  • Notch and BMP signaling pathways are critical regulators of endocardial development.
  • Stem cell models combined with single-cell sequencing show promise for understanding congenital heart defects.

Conclusions:

  • Detailed understanding of endocardial cellular and molecular processes is essential.
  • Advanced modeling techniques are crucial for developing effective disease models.
  • Future research will drive progress in regenerative medicine for congenital heart diseases.