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Metronidazole-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum: A case report
Jennifer Vanoli1, Miriam Nava1,2, Chiara Invernizzi1,2
1University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Rationale:
Whereas metronidazole-induced hepatotoxicity is quite rare in the general population, in individuals carrying a nucleotide excision repair disorder, namely Cockayne syndrome, there is a high risk of developing this complication.
Patient Concerns:
We report the case of a 44-year-old man, affected by xeroderma pigmentosum, who was admitted to the hospital presenting aspiration pneumoniae caused by worsening dysphagia and with severe hepatotoxicity during the hospitalization.
Diagnoses:
Acute hepatitis, which was leading to acute liver failure, occurred during antibiotic treatment with metronidazole and ceftazidime with an elevation of liver enzymes consistent with hepatocellular damage pattern.
Interventions:
Hydration with glucose 5% solution, pantoprazole and vitamin K were administered, meanwhile other causes of hepatitis were ruled out and the ongoing antibiotic treatment was stopped suspecting a drug-induced liver injury.
Outcomes:
Liver function nearly completely recovered 1 month later with a first rapid improvement, within few days, of aminotransferases and coagulation studies, and slower of cholestatic enzymes.
Lessons:
We describe the first case available in the literature of hepatotoxicity associated with metronidazole treatment in a xeroderma pigmentosum patient. Clinicians therefore, based on this report and according to the possible underlying mechanism shared by other genetic diseases characterized by alterations in the pathway of DNA-repair, should consider such adverse event also in patients affected by this rare disease.
