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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Arctic Research

Background:

  • Global mercury (Hg) emissions, both anthropogenic and legacy, are primary drivers of Arctic contamination.
  • Atmospheric transport is the main pathway for mercury to reach the Arctic.
  • Recent trends show an increase in global anthropogenic Hg emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global anthropogenic Hg emission sources.
  • To analyze recent changes and attribute sources of Hg transport and deposition to the Arctic.
  • To examine the impact of meteorological changes on Arctic mercury levels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of global anthropogenic Hg emission sources.
  • Atmospheric modeling to simulate Hg transport and deposition to the Arctic.
  • Analysis of emission data and meteorological factors (e.g., North Atlantic Oscillation).

Main Results:

  • Global anthropogenic Hg emissions increased by ~20% from 2010 to 2015 (~2220 Mg in 2015).
  • Legacy emissions contributed 64% to Arctic deposition, anthropogenic sources 32% (East Asia dominant), and geogenic sources 4%.
  • Meteorological shifts, particularly the North Atlantic Oscillation reversal, influenced Hg oxidation, evasion, and deposition patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Legacy mercury emissions remain the largest contributor to Arctic deposition.
  • Meteorological variability significantly impacts mercury cycling in the Arctic atmosphere.
  • Discrepancies between model predictions and observed declines highlight uncertainties in emissions and modeling.