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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Monitoring Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G Activity in Human Sputum Samples

Monitoring Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G Activity in Human Sputum Samples

Published on: May 21, 2021

Neutrophils and Asthma.

Akira Yamasaki¹, Ryota Okazaki¹, Tomoya Harada¹

¹Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 28, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neutrophilic asthma, often overlooked, presents a severe phenotype and requires targeted treatments. Research is needed to identify optimal therapies beyond current severe asthma approaches.

Keywords:

asthma biologics biomarkers eosinophils inflammation neutrophils treatment

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Label-free Neutrophil Enrichment from Patient-derived Airway Secretion Using Closed-loop Inertial Microfluidics

Label-free Neutrophil Enrichment from Patient-derived Airway Secretion Using Closed-loop Inertial Microfluidics

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Immunology
Pathophysiology

Background:

Asthma pathogenesis involves eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, with distinct classifications based on sputum cell differentiation.
Neutrophilic asthma, though less common than eosinophilic asthma, can also manifest as a severe asthma phenotype.
Understanding the specific biomarkers and pathophysiological pathways of neutrophilic asthma is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the significance of neutrophilic asthma as a severe phenotype.
To review the diagnostic biomarkers and underlying pathophysiology of neutrophilic asthma.
To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies for neutrophilic asthma.

Main Methods:

Classification of asthma based on sputum cell differentiation (eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed, paucigranulocytic).
Identification of diagnostic biomarkers including sputum/blood neutrophils, chitinase-3-like protein, and hydrogen sulfide.
Review of pathophysiological pathways such as TSLP/T-helper 17, microbiome, NETs, and inflammasomes.

Main Results:

Neutrophilic asthma and mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic asthma can present severe phenotypes.
Biomarkers like sputum neutrophils and chitinase-3-like protein aid in diagnosing neutrophilic asthma.
Obesity, GERD, and smoking are associated with neutrophilic asthma pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

Targeting neutrophilic asthma is critical, necessitating focused clinical research.
Existing severe asthma treatments may not be optimal for neutrophilic asthma.
Promising therapeutic agents include phosphodiesterase inhibitors, anti-TSLP antibodies, azithromycin, and anti-cholinergic agents, but further clinical validation is required.