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Same Behaviors, Different Outcomes: Mothers' and Fathers' Observed Challenging Behaviors Measured Using a New Coding
Eric L Olofson1, Sarah J Schoppe-Sullivan2
1Psychology Department, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN 47933, USA.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 28, 2022
Summary
Fathers
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Parenting Studies
- Child Social-Emotional Development
Background:
- Parenting quality is crucial for child development.
- Existing measures may not fully capture nuanced parenting behaviors.
- Understanding parent-child interactions in early childhood is essential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and validate the Risky Interaction Support and Challenge Scale (RISCS) for measuring parenting behaviors.
- To examine the associations between specific parenting behaviors and 1-year-olds' social-emotional development.
- To explore potential gender differences in parenting behaviors and their impact.
Main Methods:
- Development and application of the novel Risky Interaction Support and Challenge Scale (RISCS).
- Observation of 1-year-olds interacting with parents (fathers and mothers) on a play structure.
- Reliable coding of parental behaviors related to challenge, support, and autonomy allowance.
Main Results:
- The RISCS effectively measured various dimensions of parent behavior during parent-child interactions.
- Fathers' autonomy allowance and lower overprotection were linked to reduced internalizing behaviors in toddlers.
- Mothers' challenge of regulatory competence correlated with lower externalizing behaviors and higher competence in toddlers.
Conclusions:
- Parenting behaviors, measured by RISCS, show distinct associations with different aspects of child social-emotional development.
- Fathering and mothering styles appear to uniquely influence specific developmental outcomes.
- Findings contribute to attachment theory and the understanding of father-child relationships.
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