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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
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m1A RNA Modification in Gene Expression Regulation.

Hao Jin1,2, Chunxiao Huo2, Tianhua Zhou2,3

  • 1The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.

Genes
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a key RNA modification regulating gene expression. This review covers m1A enzymes, RNA-binding proteins, functions, disease links, and detection methods.

Keywords:
N1-methyladenosine(m1A)RNA modificationgene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a widespread, reversible RNA modification found in tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA.
  • Advances in analytical chemistry and sequencing have illuminated m1A's significant roles in gene regulation and biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in understanding m1A methyltransferases, m1A demethylases, and m1A-binding proteins.
  • To highlight the biological mechanisms, functions, and disease associations of m1A RNA modification.
  • To summarize current detection methodologies for m1A.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on m1A.
  • Analysis of findings related to m1A enzymes and proteins.
  • Synthesis of information on m1A functions and disease relevance.

Main Results:

  • m1A modifications are dynamically regulated by specific enzymes.
  • m1A plays critical roles in various cellular processes, including gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of m1A is linked to human diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The study of m1A is rapidly advancing, revealing its broad biological impact.
  • Understanding m1A mechanisms and detection is crucial for biomedical research and disease treatment.
  • Further research into m1A modifications promises new therapeutic strategies.