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Osteosarcopenia: A Narrative Review on Clinical Studies
Angela Polito1, Lorenzo Barnaba1, Donatella Ciarapica1
1CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 28, 2022
Summary
Osteosarcopenia, the concurrent loss of bone and muscle, is linked to frailty and fractures. Effective management involves nutrition, exercise, and potentially medication.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
- Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
Background:
- Osteosarcopenia (OS) is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
- Its development is influenced by genetic, biochemical, mechanical, and lifestyle factors, with poor nutrition and reduced physical activity being significant risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To consolidate knowledge on the diagnosis, incidence, etiology, and treatment of osteosarcopenia as a distinct clinical entity.
- To explore the associations between osteosarcopenia and increased risks of frailty, falls, fractures, and certain non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of clinical studies focusing on osteosarcopenia.
- Analysis of existing literature to understand the multifactorial pathogenesis and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Clinical studies demonstrate a link between osteosarcopenia and higher risks of frailty, falls, and fractures.
- Associations with NCDs like diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are noted, warranting further mechanistic investigation.
Conclusions:
- Combined nutritional strategies (protein, vitamin D, calcium) and physical exercise are crucial for managing osteosarcopenia.
- Pharmacological interventions may benefit muscle and bone health, but further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to evaluate synergistic effects with lifestyle interventions.
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