Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 21, 2025

DNA-affinity-purified Chip DAP-chip Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems
Published on: July 21, 2014
The Response Regulator RegA Is a Copper Binding Protein That Covalently Dimerizes When Exposed to Oxygen
1Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Abstract:
In Rhodobacter capsulatus, the histidine kinase RegB is believed to phosphorylate its cognate transcriptional factor RegA only under anaerobic conditions. However, transcriptome evidence indicates that RegA regulates 47 genes involved in energy storage, energy production, signaling and transcription, under aerobic conditions. In this study, we provide evidence that RegA is a copper binding protein and that copper promotes the dimerization of RegA under aerobic conditions. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis indicates that RegA binds Cu1+ and Cu2+ in a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio, respectively. Through LC-MS/MS, ESI-MS and non-reducing SDS-PAGE gels, we show that Cu2+ stimulates disulfide bond formation in RegA at Cys156 in the presence of oxygen. Finally, we used DNase I footprint analysis to demonstrate that Cu2+-mediated covalent dimerized RegA is capable of binding to the ccoN promoter, which drives the expression of cytochrome cbb3 oxidase subunits. This study provides a new model of aerobic regulation of gene expression by RegA involving the formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators
Co-activators and Co-repressors
Global Regulatory Systems
Master Transcription Regulators
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....

