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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
Published on: July 30, 2016
Natural Cryoprotective and Cytoprotective Agents in Cryopreservation: A Focus on Melatonin
Giada Marcantonini1, Desirée Bartolini1, Linda Zatini1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Laboratory and Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Abstract:
Cryoprotective and cytoprotective agents (Cytoprotective Agents) are fundamental components of the cryopreservation process. This review presents the essentials of the cryopreservation process by examining its drawbacks and the role of cytoprotective agents in protecting cell physiology. Natural cryoprotective and cytoprotective agents, such as antifreeze proteins, sugars and natural deep eutectic systems, have been compared with synthetic ones, addressing their mechanisms of action and efficacy of protection. The final part of this article focuses melatonin, a hormonal substance with antioxidant properties, and its emerging role as a cytoprotective agent for somatic cells and gametes, including ovarian tissue, spermatozoa and spermatogonial stem cells.
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