Drug-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia Toxicity Prediction Based on Machine Learning

Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) often occurs in patients receiving many drug treatments simultaneously. However, clinicians usually fail to accurately distinguish which drugs can be plausible culprits. Despite significant advances in laboratory-based DITP testing, in vitro experimental assays have been expensive and, in certain cases, cannot provide a timely diagnosis to patients. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes an efficient machine learning-based method for DITP toxicity prediction. A small dataset consisting of 225 molecules was constructed. The molecules were represented by six fingerprints, three descriptors, and their combinations. Seven classical machine learning-based models were examined to determine an optimal model. The results show that the RDMD + PubChem-k-NN model provides the best prediction performance among all the models, achieving an area under the curve of 76.9% and overall accuracy of 75.6% on the external validation set. The application domain (AD) analysis demonstrates the prediction reliability of the RDMD + PubChem-k-NN model. Five structural fragments related to the DITP toxicity are identified through information gain (IG) method along with fragment frequency analysis. Overall, as far as known, it is the first machine learning-based classification model for recognizing chemicals with DITP toxicity and can be used as an efficient tool in drug design and clinical therapy.