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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Author Spotlight: Innovative Use of nsPEF to Boost Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Published on: May 3, 2024

Sortilin Modulates Schwann Cell Signaling and Remak Bundle Regeneration Following Nerve Injury.

Maj Ulrichsen¹, Nádia P Gonçalves¹, Simin Mohseni²

¹Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

|May 31, 2022

Summary

Sortilin deletion in mice impairs nerve regeneration by affecting C-fiber ensheathment and Remak bundle formation. Loss of sortilin reduces neurotrophin-3 signaling in Schwann cells, impacting nerve repair.

Keywords:

NT-3 Remak bundle Schwann cell TrkC nerve injury sortilin

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Published on: November 3, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Peripheral nerve regeneration depends on Schwann cells supporting axon regrowth.
Schwann cells re-differentiate to myelinate large fibers and ensheath small fibers into Remak bundles.
Sortilin receptor facilitates neurotrophin signaling by regulating Trk receptor trafficking in neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of sortilin in peripheral nerve regeneration after sciatic crush injury.
To characterize the effects of sortilin deletion on Schwann cell function and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

Sciatic crush injury model in sortilin-deficient (Sort1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice.
Assessment of nerve function, including motor recovery and nerve conduction velocities.
Morphological analysis of myelinated fibers and C-fiber ensheathment.
Analysis of Schwann cell signaling pathways (MAPK/ERK, RSK, CREB phosphorylation) after neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) stimulation.

Main Results:

Sort1-/- mice showed comparable motor recovery and myelinated fiber morphology to WT mice.
Abnormal ensheathment of regenerated C-fibers and impaired Remak bundle formation were observed in Sort1-/- mice.
Loss of sortilin significantly reduced MAPK/ERK, RSK, and CREB phosphorylation in Schwann cells upon NT-3 stimulation.
Schwann cell migration and myelination were not affected by sortilin deletion.

Conclusions:

Sortilin plays a crucial role in Remak bundle formation during peripheral nerve regeneration.
Loss of sortilin impairs NT-3 signaling pathways in Schwann cells.
These findings suggest sortilin is important for proper C-fiber regeneration and Remak bundle assembly after nerve injury.