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Published on: January 15, 2017
Implementing an entrustable professional activities programmatic assessments for nurse practitioner training in
Yi-Hui Chiang1, Hsiang-Chu Yu2, Hung-Chun Chung2
1Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Hospital An Kang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Background:
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs), as new methods used to operationalize competency-based education, are gaining acceptance in medical professions. However, no EPA-based framework exists to evaluate emergency care nurse practitioners' competencies in clinical practice.
Objectives:
To develop, implement, and evaluate an EPA-based framework for emergency care nurse practitioners.
Design:
Prospective observational study.
Setting:
An accredited nurse practitioner training program in the emergency department of a University-affiliated Hospital.
Participants:
Eight novice nurse practitioners and eighteen clinical instructors.
Methods:
A working group of academic educators, nurse practitioner leaders, and clinical instructors developed a set of EPAs using a participatory design method. We scheduled weekly ad hoc evaluations for the nurse practitioners in emergency care, and we collected several observations from multiple assessors for analysis.
Results:
Four nested EPAs were developed that adopted a 1-5 supervision-entrustment scale to measure performance. The results of the 20-month assessments illustrated that the average scores of EPA1, which measured the assessment and management of patients with acute medical presentations in the emergency department, differed significantly but were not positively correlated with the nurse practitioners' increasing subspecialty and department seniority levels (Kruskal-Wallis test P = .011 and 0.006, respectively). In addition, the most time required for the nurse practitioners to achieve a stable level 5 entrustability score for all EPAs for at least 3 consecutive months was 18 months. Clinical instructors noted that recognizing limits is a skill that is essential for a nurse practitioner to earn clinical instructors' trust.
Conclusions:
Entrustability scores may not correlate with nurse practitioners' increasing seniority, and patient care requires the longest training time (18 months) for emergency care nurse practitioners to achieve autonomy. Program directors should adjust the supervision-entrustment level expected at various stages of training according to the complexity of individual EPAs. An EPA-based assessment framework in a nurse practitioner training program may assist in overseeing the development of competencies for emergency care nurse practitioners.
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