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Tranexamic Acid and Its Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect: A Systematic Review
Søren Hauge Okholm1, Jan Krog2, Anne-Mette Hvas1,3
1Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
|May 31, 2022
Summary
Tranexamic acid (TXA) shows anti-inflammatory effects in orthopedic surgery patients, reducing C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. This effect was not observed in cardiac surgery, pediatric, or rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Inflammation Research
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug used to reduce blood loss.
- Emerging evidence suggests TXA may modulate inflammatory responses by affecting cytokine levels.
- Previous human studies indicate altered inflammatory biomarkers in patients receiving TXA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the effect of TXA on inflammatory biomarkers across diverse patient populations.
- To compare inflammatory biomarker levels in patients receiving TXA versus control groups.
- To investigate the influence of TXA dosing regimens and administration forms on inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases.
- Inclusion of original articles comparing TXA recipients with control groups, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Analysis of 33 studies, categorized by comparison group (no medication, different doses, administration forms).
Main Results:
- TXA demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect in orthopedic surgery patients, evidenced by reduced C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels.
- No significant anti-inflammatory effect was observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, pediatric craniosynostosis, or those with rheumatoid arthritis.
- The administration form of TXA (oral, intravenous, topical) did not influence the inflammatory response.
Conclusions:
- TXA exhibits a consistent anti-inflammatory effect specifically in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
- The anti-inflammatory properties of TXA are not universally applicable across all surgical or patient groups.
- Further research may be needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and patient populations benefiting from TXA's anti-inflammatory actions.
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