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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
Published on: November 10, 2023
COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
R Alfonso Hernandez Acosta1, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos2, Jasmine R Marcelin3
1Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
This review covers the virology, host-pathogen interactions, and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. It details the disease's clinical presentations, including respiratory and extrapulmonary symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Pathology
Background:
- Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, cause significant global health challenges.
- Understanding the virus and its effects is crucial for managing the pandemic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current knowledge on COVID-19.
- To elucidate the virology, host-pathogen interactions, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
- To describe the clinical spectrum of COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
- Synthesis of existing research on SARS-CoV-2.
Main Results:
- Detailed overview of SARS-CoV-2 virology.
- Explanation of host-pathogen interactions and disease mechanisms.
- Description of diverse clinical manifestations, both respiratory and extrapulmonary.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 presents a complex interplay of viral factors and host responses.
- Recognizing the full range of clinical symptoms is essential for diagnosis and patient care.
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