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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description01:30

Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

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The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
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Pleural mesothelioma.

José Manuel Porcel1

  • 1Unidad de Medicina Pleural, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, España.

Medicina Clinica
|May 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing diffuse pleural mesothelioma involves pleural biopsy and molecular markers like BAP1, MTAP, and CDKN2A. Prognosis depends on histology and patient status, with immunotherapy as a key treatment for inoperable cases.

Keywords:
AsbestoAsbestosBRCA-1 associated protein 1Catéter permanenteDerrame pleural malignoImmunotherapyIndwelling cathetersInmunoterapiaMalignant pleural effusionMesoteliomaMesotheliomaProteína 1 asociada a BRCA1

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Diffuse pleural mesothelioma diagnosis typically necessitates a pleural biopsy.
  • Key molecular markers include loss of BAP1 or MTAP expression and homozygous deletion of CDKN2A.
  • Histologic type and patient performance status are critical prognostic indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and prognostic factors in diffuse pleural mesothelioma.
  • To describe management strategies for pleural effusion.
  • To highlight current therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Pleural biopsy guided by imaging (ultrasound, CT) or thoracoscopy.
  • Immunohistochemistry for BAP1 and MTAP expression analysis.
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization for CDKN2A homozygous deletion detection.

Main Results:

  • Biopsy and molecular markers confirm mesothelioma diagnosis.
  • Tunneled pleural catheters manage effusions, with or without talc administration.
  • Immunotherapy is a primary treatment for unresectable disease, especially biphasic or sarcomatous types.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis relies on integrated histopathological and molecular findings.
  • Effective management of pleural effusion is crucial for patient comfort and care.
  • Immunotherapy offers a vital treatment avenue for advanced mesothelioma.