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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Degradable Polyacetals/Ketals from Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization.

Benjamin R Elling1, Jessica K Su1, Yan Xia1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed degradable polyacetals and polyketals using alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization (AROMP). This method provides controlled polymer synthesis and tunable degradation rates for advanced material applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Controlled synthesis of degradable polymers is crucial for sustainable materials.
  • Existing methods may lack precise control over molecular weight and degradation.
  • Alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization (AROMP) offers a potential route for precise polymer construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize degradable polyacetals and polyketals with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities.
  • To investigate the use of AROMP for controlled polymerization of cyclopropenes and dioxepins.
  • To explore the degradation behavior of the synthesized polymers under acidic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization (AROMP) of 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropenes and dioxepins.
  • Optimization of reaction conditions to achieve high degrees of alternation.
  • Characterization of polymer molecular weights, dispersities, and degradation rates.

Main Results:

  • Achieved controlled polymerization and high degrees of alternation between nonpropagating cyclopropenes and low-strain dioxepins.
  • Synthesized degradable polyacetals and polyketals with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities.
  • Demonstrated tunable degradation rates of the polymers in acidic conditions based on acetal/ketal structures.

Conclusions:

  • AROMP is an effective strategy for synthesizing degradable polyacetals and polyketals with precise control.
  • The developed polymers exhibit tunable degradation, offering potential for controlled release applications.
  • This approach allows for the incorporation of diverse functionalities into polymer backbones and side chains.