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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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Strain-Driven Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization.

Benjamin R Elling1, William J Neary2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06457, United States.

Chemical Reviews
|March 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strain-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) enables precision macromolecule synthesis. This review details its evolution, focusing on ring strain

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has evolved into a versatile method for creating well-defined polymers.
  • Strain-driven ROMP leverages the thermodynamic driving force of ring strain for efficient polymerization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and current state of strain-driven ROMP.
  • To elucidate the fundamental principles of ring strain and its impact on polymerizability.
  • To guide monomer selection and design using thermodynamic parameters and computational tools.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical literature and mechanistic studies on ROMP.
  • Analysis of the thermodynamic factors (enthalpy, entropy) governing ring strain.
  • Tabulated comparisons of monomer classes (cyclopropenes, cyclobutenes, cyclopentenes, etc.) and bridged-ring systems.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of the theoretical basis and thermodynamic consequences of ring strain.
  • Assessment of enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) contributions to polymerizability.
  • Comprehensive comparison of various monomer classes for ROMP applications.

Conclusions:

  • Strain-driven ROMP is a powerful and modular platform for precision macromolecule synthesis.
  • Understanding ring strain is crucial for designing effective ROMP monomers.
  • This review provides foundational knowledge and practical guidance for advancing ROMP research.