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Parental Age and Childhood Lymphoma and Solid Tumor Risk: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Allison Domingues1, Kristin J Moore2, Jeannette Sample1

  • 1Division of Epidemiology & Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

JNCI Cancer Spectrum
|May 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Older maternal age increases the risk of certain childhood solid cancers, including central nervous system tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma. Paternal age is linked to a higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Parental age is a known risk factor for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
  • Previous studies on parental age and pediatric solid tumors yielded inconclusive results.
  • This meta-analysis investigates the link between parental age and various childhood solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between parental age and the risk of pediatric solid tumors.
  • To synthesize findings from existing population-based registry studies.
  • To identify specific childhood solid tumors potentially influenced by parental age.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline (PubMed) and Embase databases through March 2022.
  • Inclusion of 15 registry-based studies covering 10 childhood solid tumor types.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Increased maternal age (5-year increment) correlated with higher risks of combined central nervous system tumors (OR=1.07), ependymoma (OR=1.19), astrocytoma (OR=1.10), rhabdomyosarcoma (OR=1.14), and germ cell tumors (OR=1.06).
  • Increased paternal age (5-year increment) correlated with a higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR=1.06).
  • Analysis included 30,323 cases and 3,499,934 controls across 10 tumor types.

Conclusions:

  • Older maternal age is associated with an increased risk of specific childhood solid cancers.
  • Paternal age shows a potential association with non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk.
  • Further research with extensive confounder data is needed to clarify independent causal effects due to high correlation between maternal and paternal ages.
Abstract

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