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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19 therapies: do we see substantial progress?

Lucyna Matusewicz1, Marlena Golec2, Aleksander Czogalla1

  • 1Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.

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This review covers COVID-19 treatments targeting SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication mechanisms. New effective therapies are urgently needed despite progress in antiviral treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of deaths globally.
  • Long-term health effects in individuals recovering from COVID-19 remain largely unknown.

Discussion:

  • Review of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 based on viral mechanisms.
  • Focus on viral cell receptor recognition and virus-host membrane fusion.
  • Exploration of inhibiting viral RNA replication and viral assembly.

Key Insights:

  • Understanding viral entry mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Inhibiting viral RNA synthesis and assembly presents viable therapeutic avenues.
  • Current treatments show progress but demand for novel antivirals persists.

Outlook:

  • Continued research into viral mechanisms to identify new therapeutic targets.
  • Development of next-generation antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and future viral threats.
  • Addressing the need for effective treatments against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.