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Related Concept Videos

Design of Columns under a Centric Load01:17

Design of Columns under a Centric Load

193
The design of columns under centric load is a fundamental aspect of structural engineering and is critical for ensuring the stability and integrity of structures. Euler's and Secant's formulas are central to understanding and calculating the critical load and deformation behaviors of columns, providing a basis for safe and effective structural design.
Euler's formula is applicable under the assumption that the column is a perfect, straight, homogenous prism, and it is operating...
193
Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns01:21

Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns

397
In structural engineering, the stability of columns under compressive axial loads is a critical consideration, described as buckling. A typical example involves a column PQ, which is pin-connected at both ends and subjected to a centric axial load F applied at one end, with a reaction force of F' = -F at the other end. Here, it is crucial to understand that when an applied load exceeds the critical load, buckling occurs as the system becomes unstable.
To calculate the critical load,...
397
Design of Columns under an Eccentric Load01:21

Design of Columns under an Eccentric Load

723
Designing columns to withstand eccentric loads is a critical aspect of structural engineering, ensuring structures can support off-center loads without failure. This design process must account for the additional normal stresses introduced by eccentric loading, which can significantly influence a column's stress distribution and overall stability. An eccentric load applied to a column induces normal stresses that can be conceptualized as a combination of stresses due to an equivalent...
723
Euler's Formula to Columns with Other End Conditions01:15

Euler's Formula to Columns with Other End Conditions

653
Euler's formula is very important in the field of structural engineering, providing a foundation for understanding the critical loading conditions of pin-ended columns. This formula links the modulus of elasticity, the moment of inertia of the cross-section, and the column's length, offering a precise calculation of the critical load at which a column is prone to buckling.
653
Design Example: Distributing Reinforcements in Concrete Sections01:22

Design Example: Distributing Reinforcements in Concrete Sections

138
The topic explores the practical aspects of adjusting steel reinforcements within a concrete beam section to meet specific design requirements. When designing a reinforced concrete beam, it is essential to distribute the steel reinforcements properly to ensure structural integrity and efficiency. The example provided details a scenario where a beam requires a total steel cross-section of 4 square inches. The engineer identifies that the available steel bars have a nominal diameter of 1.693...
138
Effects of Creep01:25

Effects of Creep

225
Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
225

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Connectors for Use in Insulated Concrete Wall Panels
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Simplified model for pre-code RC column exposed to fire followed by earthquake.

Ioanna Ioannou1, Tiziana Rossetto2, David Rush3

  • 1EPICentre, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, UCL, London, UK. ioanna.ioannou@ucl.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|June 1, 2022
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Summary

This study models the post-fire cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns, crucial for buildings damaged by fire and then hit by earthquakes. Simplified material models effectively capture this behavior, aiding structural assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Fire Safety Engineering

Background:

  • The behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns after fire exposure and subsequent seismic loading is poorly understood.
  • This knowledge gap is critical for assessing the safety of existing buildings that have experienced fire and may face seismic events without adequate repair.
  • Pre-code RC columns, often lacking seismic design considerations, are particularly vulnerable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified modeling framework for assessing the post-fire cyclic behavior of RC columns.
  • To create and validate simplified material models for confined concrete, focusing on its performance after fire exposure.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model against experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of simplified material models for confined concrete, considering post-fire conditions.
  • Validation of the proposed model using experimental results from a non-seismically designed RC column.
  • Simulation of three scenarios: cyclic loading only, cyclic loading after 30-minute fire exposure, and cyclic loading after 90-minute fire exposure.

Main Results:

  • Simplified material models can accurately represent the post-fire cyclic behavior of non-seismically designed RC columns.
  • The choice of confined concrete model significantly influences the column's performance after reaching peak strength.
  • Fire exposure duration (30 vs. 90 minutes) impacts the post-fire cyclic response.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed simplified modeling framework is effective for evaluating the seismic performance of RC columns after fire exposure.
  • Accurate material modeling of confined concrete is essential for predicting post-fire structural behavior.
  • The study provides valuable insights for the assessment and retrofitting of fire-damaged structures.