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[Sex differences in clinical outcomes of extremely preterm infants/extremely low birth weight infants: a propensity

Zhi-Wen Su1, Li-Li Lin1, Bi-Jun Shi1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
|June 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Male extremely preterm infants (EPIs) have a higher risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) than females. However, overall clinical outcomes and survival rates for male and female EPIs are similar after propensity score matching.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Perinatal Research
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Extremely preterm infants (EPIs) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) face significant health challenges.
  • Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes for these vulnerable infants require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sex on the clinical outcomes of extremely preterm infants (EPIs) or extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs).
  • To utilize propensity score matching to control for confounding variables and provide a robust comparison between male and female infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 731 EPIs/ELBWIs admitted between 2011 and 2020.
  • Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) was employed, considering factors like gestational age, birth weight, and various medical interventions.
  • Comparison of complication incidence rates and survival to discharge between matched male and female groups.

Main Results:

  • Before matching, males exhibited higher rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and patent ductus arteriosus.
  • After propensity score matching, only the incidence of BPD remained significantly higher in males compared to females.
  • No significant difference in survival to discharge was observed between sexes, both before and after matching.

Conclusions:

  • Male EPIs/ELBWIs demonstrate an increased risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) compared to their female counterparts.
  • Despite sex-specific risks for certain complications like BPD, overall clinical outcomes and survival rates for extremely preterm infants are comparable between males and females.
Abstract

Keywords:
Clinical outcomeExtremely low birth weight infantExtremely preterm infantPropensity score matchingSex

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