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Related Concept Videos

Wood Products01:21

Wood Products

139
Wood products encompass a broad range of materials crafted from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood-like shreds, designed for both structural and nonstructural purposes. Various specialized wood products have been developed to enhance strength, durability, and versatility in building applications.
Glue-laminated wood, often referred to as glulam, combines multiple smaller pieces of dimensional lumber using adhesives to form a single, larger piece. Cross-laminated timber consists...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Wood Panel Products01:18

Wood Panel Products

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Wood panel products are essential materials used in construction for applications such as flooring, siding, and roofing, typically available in standard dimensions of 4 feet by 8 feet, with thicknesses varying from one-quarter of an inch to one and one-eighth inches. Among the most common types of wood panels is plywood, which is produced by gluing multiple layers of thin wood veneers under pressure. The grain of the outer veneers runs lengthwise, while the grains of the interior layers run...
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Softwoods and Hardwoods01:28

Softwoods and Hardwoods

262
Softwoods and hardwoods, derived from different types of trees, are distinguished by their leaf structures and cellular compositions, each serving unique purposes in construction and manufacturing. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves and are predominantly composed of longitudinal cells called tracheids and a smaller proportion of radial cells known as rays. Due to their cellular structure, softwoods are commonly used in construction for structural frames, sheathing,...
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An Integrated Biorefinery Proof of Concept: The Synthesis of Fully Bio-Based, Functional Lignin Polyester Copolymers of Cyclic Anhydrides and Epoxides Towards Polyol Applications and Tunable Bio-Derived Materials.

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Calibration free approaches for rapid polymorph discrimination <i>via</i> low frequency (THz) Raman spectroscopy.

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Solid-State Structures and Properties of Lignin Hydrogenolysis Oil Compounds: Shedding a Unique Light on Lignin Valorization.

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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Biobased Epoxy Thermoset Polymers from Depolymerized Native Hardwood Lignin.

Elias Feghali1, Daniel J van de Pas2, Andrew J Parrott2

  • 1Chemical Engineering Program, Notre Dame University-Louaize, P.O. Box 72 Zouk Mikael, 1211 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.

ACS Macro Letters
|June 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New biobased epoxy thermoset polymers were created from hardwood lignin oils. These sustainable resins can replace up to 67% of conventional bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) while maintaining excellent mechanical properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing high-performance biobased polymers is crucial for reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
  • Lignin, a byproduct of the paper industry, is an abundant and renewable aromatic resource.
  • Previous attempts to utilize lignin in polymers faced challenges in achieving desired properties and processability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize biobased epoxy resins from hardwood lignin.
  • To create epoxy thermoset polymers by blending these biobased resins with a conventional epoxy.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and biobased content of the resulting polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Hardwood lignin (from Eucalyptus) was depolymerized into oils via palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis.
  • Lignin oils were reacted with epichlorohydrin to form biobased epoxy resins.
  • These resins were blended with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and cured with diethylenetriamine.

Main Results:

  • High yields (up to 98 wt %) of lignin oils were obtained.
  • Biobased epoxy resins were successfully synthesized from hardwood lignin hydrogenolysis oils.
  • Up to 67% of BADGE could be replaced by lignin-derived epoxy resins, yielding polymers with superior or equivalent mechanical properties.
  • Performance differences between hardwood and softwood lignin-based polymers were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Hardwood lignin is a viable precursor for high-performance biobased epoxy thermoset polymers.
  • Significant replacement of petroleum-based BADGE is achievable with lignin-derived epoxies.
  • Further research into hardwood versus softwood lignin utilization can optimize biobased thermoset polymer development.