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Description
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Lung aeration, ventilation, and perfusion imaging.

Lorenzo Ball1,2, Gaetano Scaramuzzo3,4, Jacob Herrmann5

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa.

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Summary

Lung imaging is crucial for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This review covers conventional and emerging techniques like chest radiography, CT, ultrasound, and electrical impedance tomography for better respiratory management.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Radiology
  • Pulmonary medicine

Background:

  • Lung imaging is vital for managing intensive care unit (ICU) patients, offering anatomical and functional insights into respiratory function.
  • Conventional and advanced imaging modalities are employed to assess lung structure, aeration, and perfusion in critically ill individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and applications of conventional and emerging lung imaging techniques in critically ill patients.
  • To provide clinicians with an understanding of the technical aspects, indications, and limitations of various lung imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on lung imaging in the ICU setting.
  • Discussion of chest radiography, computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT, lung ultrasound, and electrical impedance tomography (EIT).

Main Results:

  • Chest radiographs offer structural information but have limitations; scoring systems aid severity stratification.
  • CT is the gold standard for aeration assessment but requires patient transport; dual-energy CT enables simultaneous aeration and perfusion studies.
  • Lung ultrasound is useful for bedside assessment but has limited spatial resolution; EIT offers bedside regional ventilation and perfusion imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Each lung imaging technique has specific indications, technical considerations, and limitations that clinicians must understand.
  • Appropriate application of diverse lung imaging modalities can enhance patient care in the ICU.