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Pediatric Melatonin Ingestions - United States, 2012-2021
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
|June 2, 2022
Summary
Pediatric melatonin ingestions surged 530% from 2012-2021, leading to more hospitalizations and severe outcomes. Increased awareness and preventive measures are crucial for child safety regarding this popular sleep aid.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Toxicology
- Neuropharmacology
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Melatonin, a neurohormone regulating sleep-wake cycles, is widely available as an over-the-counter dietary supplement.
- Its use in children for sleep disorders is increasing, raising concerns about potential toxicity and adverse events.
- Melatonin ingestions have become a leading cause of pediatric poisoning exposures in the United States.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess trends and outcomes of isolated melatonin ingestions in the pediatric population (≤19 years) from 2012 to 2021.
- To identify changes in the incidence, severity, and characteristics of pediatric melatonin ingestions over a decade.
- To inform public health initiatives and preventive strategies for melatonin-related exposures in children.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS).
- Analyzed isolated melatonin ingestions reported between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021.
- Examined demographic data, ingestion patterns, hospitalizations, and outcomes associated with pediatric melatonin ingestions.
Main Results:
- Reported pediatric melatonin ingestions increased by 530% over the 10-year study period.
- In 2021, pediatric melatonin ingestions constituted 4.9% of all pediatric ingestions reported to poison control centers.
- There was a significant rise in pediatric hospitalizations and severe outcomes, particularly unintentional ingestions in children aged ≤5 years, with two reported deaths.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric melatonin ingestions represent a growing public health concern, with a marked increase in both incidence and severity.
- Urgent public health initiatives are needed to raise awareness and implement preventive measures to mitigate risks associated with pediatric melatonin use.
- Reporting adverse events to regulatory bodies like the FDA's MedWatch program is essential for monitoring product safety.
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