Illness perception and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous
Aysan Thagizadeh1, Akram Ghahramanian2, Vahid Zamanzadeh3
1Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Insights
Understanding illness perception in myocardial infarction patients is key for secondary prevention. This study found illness perception links to cardiovascular risk factors like physical activity and biometric values, highlighting the need for patient education.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Health Psychology
Background:
- Effective secondary prevention for myocardial infarction (MI) patients requires understanding their illness perception and cardiovascular risk factors.
- This study focuses on patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine illness perception and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Main Methods:
- A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 131 first-time PCI patients in Tabriz, Iran.
- Data were collected using demographic forms, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the CDC's Health Risk Assessment framework.
- Statistical analysis included independent t-tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests.
Main Results:
- A majority of participants had a family history of cardiovascular disease (54.2%) and at least one risk factor (66.4%), including diabetes (36.6%) and hypertension (32.8%).
- High rates of physical inactivity (78.6%), overweight (48.9%), obesity (34.4%), and smoking (26%) were observed.
- Illness perception scores were generally high (6.21), but understanding was low (3.77). Significant relationships were found between illness perception and physical activity, nutrition, sleep, general health, biometric values, and psychological factors.
Conclusions:
- Low illness perception, particularly in understanding, may contribute to psychological distress like stress, anxiety, and depression.
- The identified links between illness perception and cardiovascular risk factors emphasize the importance of enhanced patient education and counseling for secondary prevention.
Background:
Knowing of perception of the illness, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction is crucial in engaging in effective secondary prevention. This study aimed to examine illness perception and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Methods:
The participants comprised 131 patients undergoing a first-time percutaneous coronary intervention at a metropolitan, tertiary referral hospital in Tabriz, Iran. The convenience sampling method was employed to select the research sample within a six-month period. The instruments used were as follows: (1) Demographic and health information form, (2) The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (3) The Health Risk Assessment framework developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The design of the study was descriptive, cross sectional. The continuous variables were analyzed using Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA); and categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test.
Results:
Most participants had a positive family history of cardiovascular disease (54.2%), with 66.4% of participants having at least one cardiovascular risk factor such as diabetes (36.6%) hypertension (32.8%) and dyslipidemia (16%). Most participants were physically inactive (78.6%), about 48.9% were overweight, 34.4% suffered from obesity and 26% were smokers. Illness perception in this study was seen to be high (6.21), with highest scores occurring in the illness control dimension (6.83) and lowest scores occurring in the understanding dimension (3.77). There was a significant relationship between illness perception and physical activity, nutrition, sleep and general health. Direct significant relationships between biometric values (cholesterol, glucose, blood pressure); psychological factors (depression, anxiety and stress) and illness perception were also found to exist.
Conclusions:
Low scores in two dimensions of illness perception may lead to psychological consequences such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The relationship between illness perception and some risk factors of cardiovascular disease such as physical activity, diet and biometric values, reveal the need for more attention to patient education and counselling.
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