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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
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A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Microfluidic Devices for Characterizing Pore-scale Event Processes in Porous Media for Oil Recovery Applications
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Porous liquids - the future is looking emptier.

Benjamin D Egleston1, Austin Mroz1, Kim E Jelfs1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK r.greenaway@imperial.ac.uk k.jelfs@imperial.ac.uk.

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Porous liquids, engineered with permanent microporosity, offer new applications by combining fluidity with solid-like porous structures. This review explores their development, characterization, and untapped potential in materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Liquids traditionally possess transient porosity.
  • Engineering permanent porosity into liquids creates novel porous liquids (PLs).
  • PLs bridge the gap between fluid properties and microporous solid materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the theory, conception, and recent advances in porous liquid development.
  • To summarize key characterization techniques and computational approaches for understanding PLs.
  • To explore current and potential applications of porous liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical frameworks and experimental realizations of PLs.
  • Analysis of characterization techniques (e.g., spectroscopy, scattering) and computational modeling.
  • Survey of reported applications in gas uptake and molecular separations.

Main Results:

  • Significant advances in PL types, understanding of structure-property relationships, and gas uptake capabilities since 2015.
  • Demonstrated potential for molecular separations and other applications.
  • Identification of a need for standardized characterization and discovery workflows.

Conclusions:

  • Porous liquids represent a rapidly advancing field with substantial untapped potential.
  • Further research is needed to fully realize their transformative impact on microporous materials.
  • Development of a systematic discovery workflow is recommended for future research.