[Tinea capitis: epidemiological study in Tunis from 2012 to 2020].

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Mycology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Tinea capitis (TC) is a prevalent superficial fungal infection in pre-pubertal children.
• Dermatophyte distribution patterns vary geographically and change over time.
• Understanding local epidemiology is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.

Observation:

• A retrospective study analyzed 474 pediatric scalp samples from 2012-2020 in Tunis.
• A prevalence of 44.3% was observed, with males predominantly affected (81%).
• Ring-shaped lesions were the most common clinical presentation.

Findings:

• Microsporum canis was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte (87%), indicating a significant zoophilic source.
• Other identified species included Trichophyton violaceum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypsum, and T. verrucosum.
• Molecular real-time PCR confirmed 4 isolates, complementing traditional mycological methods.

Implications:

• The study underscores the importance of accurate mycological diagnosis for Tinea capitis.
• Findings aid in epidemiological surveillance of dermatophyte infections in the region.
• Identifying prevalent species like M. canis informs targeted therapeutic strategies.