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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Magnetic-, Acoustic-, and Optical-Triple-Responsive Microbubbles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Pothotothermal Combination Cancer Therapy

Magnetic-, Acoustic-, and Optical-Triple-Responsive Microbubbles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Pothotothermal Combination Cancer Therapy

Published on: May 22, 2020

In Situ Micro-Nano Conversion Augmented Tumor-Localized Immunochemotherapy.

Suhui Sun¹, Qingshuang Tang¹, Yuan Wang¹

¹Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|June 3, 2022

Summary

Ultrasound microbubbles co-deliver chemotherapy and anti-PD-L1 therapy to tumors, enhancing immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. This approach improves tumor cell uptake and penetration, minimizing side effects for a safer cancer immunotherapy strategy.

Keywords:

chemotherapy immune checkpoint blockade local drug delivery microbubbles ultrasound

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Published on: February 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cancer Immunotherapy
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy faces limitations including low response rates and severe side effects.
Effective local delivery of combined chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics is needed to overcome these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop ultrasound (US) microbubbles (MBs) for the combined local delivery of camptothecin-floxuridine (CF) and anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) to enhance ICB therapy.
To evaluate the in vivo stability, tumor targeting, and therapeutic efficacy of the developed αPCF MBs system.

Main Methods:

Development of αPCF MBs capable of US imaging and in situ conversion to nanoparticles (NPs).
Utilized US irradiation to trigger MBs conversion, enhancing tumor cell uptake and penetration.
Co-delivery of camptothecin (CPT) and floxuridine (FUDR) at a 1:1 molar ratio with αPD-L1 within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Main Results:

αPCF MBs demonstrated good stability and served as US imaging agents for tracking drug delivery.
US irradiation induced αPCF MBs to αPCF NPs conversion, improving tumor penetration and cellular uptake.
Synergistic chemotherapy and immunotherapy effects were observed, sensitizing tumors to αPD-L1 and reversing TME immunosuppression.
Significant infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was promoted, leading to synergistic therapeutic outcomes in CT26 tumor-bearing mice.

Conclusions:

The developed αPCF MBs system combined with US irradiation offers a safe and effective strategy for co-delivering chemotherapy and αPD-L1.
This approach augments ICB therapy by enhancing drug delivery, promoting anti-tumor immunity, and minimizing off-target side effects.
This represents a promising universal therapeutic strategy for enhancing tumor immunotherapy.