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How negative emotions affect young and older adults' numerosity estimation performance.

Ludovic Fabre1, Paola Melani1, Patrick Lemaire2,3

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Negative emotions impact how accurately people estimate numbers, with effects varying based on whether the items are abstract or familiar. This study explored these effects in young and older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Numerosity estimation is a fundamental cognitive skill.
  • Emotional states can influence cognitive processes, including numerical cognition.
  • Aging may alter the interplay between emotion and cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of negative emotions on numerosity estimation in adults.
  • To examine age-related differences in the emotional modulation of numerosity estimation.
  • To explore how the nature of stimuli (abstract vs. non-abstract) moderates emotional influences.

Main Methods:

  • Young and older adults estimated and compared the numerosity of element collections (dots, cars).
  • Stimuli were preceded by emotionally neutral or negative images.
  • Stimuli varied in difficulty (small-ratio vs. large-ratio).

Main Results:

  • Overall numerosity estimation performance was similar between young and older adults.
  • Negative emotions decreased accuracy for abstract stimuli (dots).
  • Negative emotions enhanced accuracy for non-abstract, daily-life stimuli (cars).

Conclusions:

  • Negative emotions differentially affect numerosity estimation depending on stimulus abstractness.
  • These findings suggest context-dependent emotional influences on numerical cognition.
  • Age did not significantly alter the observed effects of emotion on numerosity estimation.