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How Emotions Influence Cognitive Control: A Within-Subject Investigation.

Tristan Feutren1, Ludovic Fabre1

  • 1Centre de Recherche de l'École de l'Air (CREA-UR 09.401) École de l'air et de l'espace-Base Aérienne 701, F-13661 Salon Air, France.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Negative emotions impair cognitive control, particularly working memory updating and cognitive flexibility, but not inhibition directly. These effects are interconnected, showing how emotions impact executive functions differently.

Keywords:
cognitive controlemotionsinhibitionshiftingupdating

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Cognitive control is crucial for goal-directed behavior.
  • Executive functions, including inhibition, updating, and shifting, are vital for cognitive control.
  • The influence of negative emotions on these distinct executive functions requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential impact of negative emotions on inhibition, updating, and shifting.
  • To explore the interrelationships between emotion-related effects on various cognitive control components.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed Go/No-Go, 2-back, and set-switching tasks under neutral and negative emotional conditions.
  • Response times and accuracy were measured for each task.
  • Correlational analyses examined the association between emotion-related effects across tasks.

Main Results:

  • Negative emotions slowed false-positive responses in inhibition tasks, indicating increased interference.
  • Accuracy decreased in working memory updating (2-back task) under negative emotions.
  • Higher error rates were observed in the shifting task, suggesting impaired cognitive flexibility.
  • Emotion-related effects were correlated between updating and shifting, but not inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Negative emotions do not uniformly affect all executive functions.
  • Updating and shifting appear more susceptible to negative emotional interference than inhibition.
  • These findings emphasize the complex interplay between emotion and cognition, impacting specific executive functions differently.