Evaluation of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in clinically normal and abnormal equine joints

Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) enzyme activities and isoenzymes were determined for synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage from 24 clinically normal equine tarsocrural (tibiotarsal) and femoropatellar joints. All 3 tissues contained LD isoenzymes LD1 to LD5, and CK isoenzymes BB and MM. The CK isoenzyme MB was not found. The similarities in isoenzyme composition of these 3 tissues made differentiation of the source of LD and CK impossible by isoenzyme pattern alone. Reference values for the total enzyme activities of specific joint tissues also had wide variations. The wide variation in activities, as determined by the enzymatic analysis of synovial fluid and a lack of tissue specificity in clinically normal equine joint tissue, indicated that those values were not predictive for the extent and type of tissue damage in equine joint disease. This hypothesis was confirmed when synovial fluids from 22 abnormal joints were analyzed for LD isoenzymes and total enzyme activity. The various causes of the joint problems were not distinguishable.