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Chronic kidney disease emerging trends in children and what to do about it
Hostensia Beng-Ongey1, Jasmine Sade Robinson1, Marva Moxey-Mims2
1Eastern Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA.
Insights
Early diagnosis of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial for better outcomes. Universal screening for high-risk children, especially African Americans, can improve health equity and reduce mortality.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pediatric Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) significantly impacts children, leading to higher mortality and reduced quality of life compared to the general population.
- Rapid CKD progression and severity are more prevalent in African American children, highlighting health disparities.
- Early detection and intervention are key to managing pediatric CKD and preventing advanced kidney disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review trends in pediatric CKD incidence.
- To discuss management strategies for improving health outcomes in children with CKD.
- To emphasize the importance of universal screening for high-risk pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes current literature on pediatric CKD.
- It examines epidemiological trends and risk factors, including genetic predispositions like APOL1 alleles.
- Management strategies and their impact on disease progression are analyzed.
Main Results:
- Pediatric CKD poses a substantial public health challenge with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Genetic factors, such as APOL1 variants, contribute to the higher incidence and severity of CKD in African American children.
- Effective management strategies can potentially slow disease progression and improve long-term outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Universal screening for pediatric CKD in high-risk groups is essential for social equity.
- Addressing biological and non-biological risk factors is critical for mitigating CKD disparities in children.
- Further research and public health initiatives are needed to combat the growing burden of pediatric CKD.
Abstract:
Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem associated with increased health costs, morbidity, and mortality. There is a 30-fold higher mortality rate and severely impaired quality of life in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), requiring dialysis or kidney transplant compared to the aged-match general population. The early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CKD can reverse, delay or prevent progression to advanced kidney disease. It is worth noting that CKD with rapid progression, which carries a poor prognosis, is more common in African American children. Thus, the development of a universal pediatric CKD screening program for high-risk children can be vital for social equity. The disparity in prevalence and severity of CKD is likely due to a complex interaction between biological and nonbiological risk factors that influence the development and progression of CKD in children of African descent. For example, high-risk alleles in the gene encoding for apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) have been recognized as the most important factor in the high incidence of some chronic kidney diseases in African Americans. In this review, we will focus on the trends in the incidence of pediatric CKD and management strategies aimed at enhancing health outcomes and reducing disease progression.
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