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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle
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Senescent cells in tissue engineering.

Alexander F Chin1, Jennifer H Elisseeff2

  • 1Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Senescent cells (SnCs) impact tissue repair and pathology. Strategies to control SnCs, including senolytic molecules and CAR-T therapy, show promise for tissue engineering and treating diseases like osteoarthritis.

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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Area of Science:

  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Senescent cells (SnCs) are permanently cell-cycle arrested cells with significant non-autonomous effects on tissue environments.
  • SnCs influence cell fates and pathologies in adult tissues, presenting challenges and opportunities for tissue engineering.
  • Understanding the dual role of transient versus chronic SnCs is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the roles of transient senescent cells in tissue repair versus chronic senescent cells in osteoarthritis and foreign-body response.
  • To review recent advancements in controlling senescent cells for therapeutic applications.
  • To highlight strategies for modulating senescent cell presence and effects in tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of senescent cell behavior in different pathological contexts (tissue repair, osteoarthritis, foreign-body response).
  • Review of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting senescent cells.
  • Discussion of immunomodulatory biomaterials, senolytic molecule trials, and CAR-T cell therapy.

Main Results:

  • Senescent cells exhibit distinct behaviors and impacts depending on their context (transient in repair vs. chronic in disease).
  • Various strategies are being developed to target and modulate senescent cells.
  • Immunomodulatory biomaterials, senolytic drugs, and CAR-T therapies represent promising avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Senescent cells are key regulators of tissue homeostasis and pathology.
  • Targeting senescent cells offers a novel therapeutic approach for tissue regeneration and disease treatment.
  • Future directions include refining senolytic therapies and developing senescent-cell-directed interventions for enhanced tissue engineering outcomes.