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Energy expenditure and body composition in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at term age

Paola Azara Tabicas Lima1, Maria Dalva Barbosa Baker Méio2,3, Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira1,4

  • 1Instituto Nacional da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Neonatology Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Infants born prematurely with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) expend more energy but maintain similar body composition. This suggests nutritional support effectively manages energy needs in these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Greater resting energy expenditure (REE) can impair growth in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  • Preterm infants with BPD exhibit higher REE at corrected term age, but this has not consistently affected body composition or growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in preterm infants who developed BPD versus those who did not.
  • To investigate the relationship between REE, body composition, and BPD development in infants born before 32 weeks of gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of infants with gestational age < 32 weeks.
  • Assessment of REE via indirect calorimetry and body composition via air displacement plethysmography at term equivalent age.
  • Anthropometric measurements transformed into Z-scores using the Fenton (2013) growth curve.

Main Results:

  • Infants who developed BPD (26.2% of cohort) showed significantly higher REE at term equivalent age.
  • No significant differences in body composition were observed between infants with and without BPD.
  • Forty-two infants were included, with BPD prevalence at 26.2%.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with BPD expend more energy but maintain similar body composition to their peers without BPD.
  • Recommended nutritional strategies likely contribute to maintaining body composition despite increased energy demands in infants with BPD.

Keywords:
Body compositionBronchopulmonary dysplasiaGrowthPretermResting energy expenditure

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