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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the...
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Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
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Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
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Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

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Ciliary membrane, localised lipid modification and cilia function.

Priya Dutta1, Krishanu Ray1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cilia dynamically regulate receptor composition using targeted lipid changes, not just Intraflagellar-Transport. This lipid modification at the cell-cilium interface drives selective protein exchange for cilia growth and signaling.

Keywords:
CiliaCiliopathyLipidLipid ModificationSignaling

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cilia are microtubule-based cellular appendages vital for cell signaling and physiology.
  • Cilia possess diverse receptors, and their composition/turnover dictates cell behavior.
  • Limited membrane area and lack of ribosomes necessitate adaptive logistics for ciliary composition maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if sector-wise lipid composition changes, alongside Intraflagellar-Transport, control ciliary receptor localization and function.
  • To explore the interplay between ciliary lipids, lipid modification, and receptor function in cilia growth and signaling.

Main Methods:

  • The study examines theoretical and existing experimental evidence on ciliary lipid dynamics.
  • It proposes a model where targeted lipid modifications influence receptor trafficking.

Main Results:

  • Intraflagellar-Transport (IFT) may be complemented by localized lipid modifications for ciliary composition control.
  • Changes in lipid composition can influence the localization and function of ciliary receptors.
  • Lipid modification at the cell-cilium interface facilitates selective exchange of membrane lipids and proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted lipid composition changes are a crucial mechanism for regulating ciliary protein content and function.
  • Lipid modification at the cell-cilium interface is proposed as a key driver for selective membrane component exchange.
  • This mechanism contributes to cilia growth, development, differentiation, and signaling dynamics.