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Related Concept Videos

Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction01:20

Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

5.1K
Amide reduction with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution to form amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, respectively.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
5.1K
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.8K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
3.8K
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

28.0K
A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
28.0K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.1K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
3.1K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

27.4K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
27.4K
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

10.9K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
10.9K

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Methylamine Lithium Borohydride as Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Batteries.

Jakob B Grinderslev1, Lasse N Skov1, Jacob G Andreasen1

  • 1Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new solid-state electrolyte, mono-methylamine lithium borohydride, for fast lithium-ion (Li+) conductivity at room temperature. This breakthrough advances all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Keywords:
Complex HydridesEnergy StorageLi-Metal BatteriesSolid-State BatteriesSolid-State Electrolytes

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Fast lithium-ion (Li+) conductivity at room temperature is crucial for all-solid-state Li-ion battery performance.
  • Existing solid electrolytes face challenges in achieving high ionic conductivity and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover and characterize novel solid-state ionic conductors for advanced battery applications.
  • To investigate the potential of metal borohydrides with neutral ligands as solid electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and crystallographic analysis of mono-methylamine lithium borohydride (LiBH4·CH3NH2).
  • Measurement of ionic conductivity (σ(Li+)) and electronic conductivity.
  • Electrochemical stability window determination.
  • Fabrication and testing of an all-solid-state battery prototype.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of LiBH4·CH3NH2, crystallizing in a 2D layered structure (P21/c).
  • Achieved high Li+ conductivity (σ(Li+) = 1.24 × 10⁻³ S/cm) at room temperature due to inter-layer voids.
  • Demonstrated negligible electronic conductivity and electrochemical stability of ≈2.1 V vs Li.
  • Successfully constructed the first all-solid-state battery utilizing this material as the electrolyte.

Conclusions:

  • Mono-methylamine lithium borohydride is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries.
  • The unique layered structure facilitates rapid Li+ transport.
  • This discovery paves the way for practical solid-state battery technologies.