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Sample environment for operando solid-state battery characterization.

Therese S S Faurskov1, Lasse N Skov1, Jakob B Grinderslev1

  • 1Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus C 8000 Denmark.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new Aarhus pressure temperature operando X-ray (APTOX) cell for advanced solid-state battery research. This tool enables simultaneous X-ray diffraction and electrochemical analysis under controlled conditions, advancing energy storage insights.

Keywords:
X-ray scatteringin situoperandopowder diffractionsolid-state batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • All-solid-state batteries offer superior electrical energy storage potential compared to current technologies.
  • In situ and operando studies are crucial for understanding solid-state battery performance and degradation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel sample environment, the Aarhus pressure temperature operando X-ray (APTOX) cell, for comprehensive solid-state battery investigations.
  • To enable simultaneous collection of X-ray diffraction and electrochemical data under controlled temperature and stack pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the APTOX cell with a 35° 2θ opening for high-quality powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • Introduction of two APTOX variants: APTOX-Pmon for pressure monitoring and APTOX-Spring for constant pressure application.
  • Compatibility with various X-ray window configurations for optimized measurements.
  • Demonstration using both in-house and synchrotron X-ray sources (MAX IV).

Main Results:

  • The APTOX cell facilitates detailed analysis of structural changes during solid-state battery cycling.
  • High-quality operando XRD data were successfully obtained, revealing insights into battery material behavior.
  • The system demonstrated versatility across different experimental setups and conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The APTOX cell is a valuable tool for advancing the understanding and development of solid-state batteries.
  • This integrated approach allows for deeper insights into the complex interplay of structural, electrochemical, and mechanical properties.
  • The presented methodology supports the optimization of future high-performance energy storage devices.