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Non-Coding RNAs Delivery by Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Ovarian Cancer

Mu Liu1, Xiaofang Zhou1, Jie Tang1,2

  • 1Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|June 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-derived non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key players in ovarian cancer (OC) progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Analyzing sEVs-ncRNAs offers novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for OC.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of cancer death due to late diagnosis and treatment resistance.
  • Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanoscale vesicles released by cells, carrying non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • sEVs-ncRNAs play crucial roles in intercellular communication and tumor progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of sEVs-ncRNAs in OC development, including metastasis and chemoresistance.
  • To explore the potential of sEVs-ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OC.
  • To discuss the application of engineered sEVs as a therapeutic strategy for OC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in sEVs-ncRNA research in OC.
  • Analysis of the involvement of sEVs-ncRNAs in key OC processes like epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune evasion, and angiogenesis.
  • Examination of nanomedicine approaches utilizing engineered sEVs for OC treatment.

Main Results:

  • sEVs-ncRNAs regulate OC cell signaling, influencing metastasis and chemoresistance.
  • Specific sEVs-ncRNA profiles serve as potential biomarkers for OC diagnosis and prognosis.
  • sEVs-ncRNAs are implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell tumorigenicity, immune evasion, and angiogenesis in OC.
  • Engineered sEVs show promise as a novel nanomedicine delivery system for OC therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sEVs-ncRNAs' roles in OC invasion, metastasis, immune regulation, and chemoresistance is vital for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • sEVs-ncRNAs represent a promising avenue for early OC detection and innovative treatment strategies.
  • Further research into sEVs-ncRNAs will accelerate the discovery of novel molecular targets and biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
Keywords:
biomarkerdrug deliverynon-coding RNAovarian cancersmall extracellular vesiclestherapy

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