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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neural Plasticity Induced by Hearing Aid Use.

Hanin Karawani1, Kimberly Jenkins2, Samira Anderson3

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|June 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Hearing aids rapidly improve brain function in older adults, with neural changes seen in as little as two weeks. Early brain responses predict long-term adaptation to hearing aid use.

Keywords:
age-related hearing lossamplificationauditory processingcortical auditory evoked potentialshearing aidsolder adultsplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related hearing loss is common in older adults, leading to cognitive decline and reduced quality of life.
  • Many older adults do not use hearing aids despite technological advancements.
  • Untreated hearing loss can accelerate cognitive and neural function decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time course of neural adaptation to hearing aids over six months.
  • To determine if early cortical processing measures predict neural plasticity capacity.
  • To understand the relationship between hearing aid use and brain adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen older adults (mean age 75) with hearing loss and no prior hearing aid use were fitted with bilateral hearing aids.
  • Participants underwent six testing sessions over six months.
  • Neural changes were assessed by measuring cortical processing, including N1 and P2 amplitudes.

Main Results:

  • Neural changes were observed as early as two weeks after hearing aid fitting.
  • Increases in N1 amplitudes occurred within two weeks, while P2 amplitude changes took twelve weeks.
  • Early neural responses correlated with the degree of change observed after six months.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing aids facilitate rapid cortical adaptation to increased auditory input.
  • Extended exposure to amplified sound may be necessary for integrating auditory features.
  • Understanding the neural adaptation timeline can help audiologists counsel patients on hearing aid adjustment.